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Palestinian political violence refers to acts of violence or terror undertaken to further the Palestinian cause. These political objectives include self-determination in and sovereignty over Palestine,〔de Waart, 1994, (p. 223 ). Referencing Article 9 of ''The Palestinian National Charter of 1968''. The Avalon Project has a copy here ()〕〔De Waal, 2004, (pp. 29–30 ).〕 the "liberation of Palestine" and establishment of a Palestine, either in place of both Israel and the Palestinian territories, or solely in the Palestinian territories.〔Schulz, 1999, (p. 161 ).〕 Periodically directed toward more limited goals such as the release of Palestinian prisoners, another key aim is to advance the Palestinian right of return. Palestinian groups that have been involved in politically motivated violence include the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO), Fatah, the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command (PFLP-GC), the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine, the Abu Nidal Organization, the Palestinian Islamic Jihad, and Hamas. The PLO officially renounced terrorism in 1988, and Fatah no longer engages in terrorism. The PFLP-GC has been internationally inactive.〔Michael Scheuer,(''Through Our Enemies' Eyes,'' ) Potomac Books, p.65:'Today, most of these groups have either ceased to exist, are internationally inactive, or have meandered into a geriatric limbo where neither their bark nor their bite is a particularly large worry.'〕 The Abu Nidal organization all but dissolved on his death and exists only in name.〔Peter Chalk, (''Encyclopedia of Terrorism ,'' ) ABC-CLIO 2012 p.33.〕〔Curtis R. Ryan, 'Democracy, Terrorism, and Islamist Movements,' in Suleyman Ozeren, Ismail Dincer Gunes, Diab M. Al-Badayneh (eds.), (''Understanding Terrorism: Analysis of Sociological and Psychological Aspects,'' ) IOS Press 2007 pp.120-131 p.122.〕〔James Ciment, Kenneth Hill, (eds.)(''Encyclopedia of Conflicts since World War II edited by ,'' ) M.E. Sharpe, 1999 o.75〕 Tactics have included hostage taking, plane hijackings, stone throwing, stabbing, shootings, and bombings.〔Beitler, Ruth Margolies. "The intifada: Palestinian adaptation to Israeli counterinsurgency tactics" Terrorism and Political Violence 7.2 (1995). Sep 5, 2010〕 Several of these groups are considered terrorist organizations by the United States government, Canada and the European Union.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Council decision of 21 December 2005 )〕 Palestinian political violence has targeted Israelis, Palestinians, Lebanese, Jordanians,〔 Egyptians,〔Tuesday, October 26, 2004, Interior Ministry: defendants are eight Egyptians led by a Palestinian national living in Al-Arish ()〕 Americans and citizens of other countries.〔 The attacks have taken place within and outside Israel and have been directed at both military and civilian targets. Israeli statistics state that 3,500 Israelis〔(B'Tselem – Statistics – Fatalities ). Btselem.org. Retrieved on 2012-05-09.〕 have been killed and 25,000 have been wounded as a result of Palestinian violence since the establishment of the state of Israel in 1948. These figures include soldiers as well as civilians, including those killed in exchanges of gunfire.〔(Terrorism deaths in Israel – 1920–1999 )〕〔(Palestinian terrorism since Sept 2000 ). Mfa.gov.il. Retrieved on 2010-09-29.〕 Israeli statistics listing 'hostile terrorist attacks' also include incidents which stones are thrown. Suicide bombings constituted just 0.5% of Palestinian attacks against Israelis in the first two years of the Al Aqsa Intifada, though this percentage accounted for half of the Israelis killed in that period.〔Avishai Margalit,(“The Suicide Bombers,' ) at New York Review of Books, January 16, 2003.〕 Personal grievances, trauma, or revenge against Israel are widely maintained to form an important element in motivating attacks against Israelis.〔Avishai Margalit,(“The Suicide Bombers,' ) at New York Review of Books, January 16, 2003 :'the main motivating force for the suicide bombers seems to be the desire for spectacular revenge.'〕〔Peter Beinart, ('The American Jewish Cocoon,' ) at New York Review of Books , September 26, 2013.〕〔Eyad El Sarraj, ('Suicide Bombers: Dignity, Despair, and the Need for Hope. An Interview with Eyad El Sarraj,' ) at Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 31, No. 4 (Summer 2002), pp. 71-76, p.71:'the people who are committing the suicide bombings are the children of the first intifada—people who witnessed so much trauma as children. So, as they grew up, their own identity merged with the national identity of humiliation and defeat, and they avenge that defeat at both the personal and national levels.'〕 ==History== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Palestinian political violence」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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